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The District of Lohardaga is located in the south western part of Jharkhand State between 32030” to 23040” north latitude and between 84040” to 84050” east longitude covering an area of 153.62 ha. in the tribal belt of Chotanagpur plateau.The administrative set up of the district is divided into 7 development blocks viz: (i) Kuru (ii) Kisko (iii) Senha (iv) Bhandra (v) Lohardaga (vi) Kairo and (vii) Peshrar. The district includes 5 police stations having 353 villages spread over in 66 Gram Panchayats. Lohardaga is the only town in the district.

District : Lohardaga

The district is divided into two broad physical divisions viz: (i) the Hilly Tract and (ii) the Plateau Region. The hilly tract is extended in the West and North-Western parts of the district which includes the parts of Kisko, Senha and Kuru development blocks. The high hill tops of this region are known as Pat. The region is covered mainly with sal forests. The Plateau region is a part of the Gumla plateau, comprised with entire part of Lohardaga and Bhandra development blocks and some parts of Senha, Kuru and Kisko developments blocks.

This region has a number of small hill blocks covered with forests. The general slope of the district is from west to east. The main rivers of the district are South Koel, Sankh, Nandni, Chaupat’s and Fulijhar etc. These are mainly rainfed rivers and dried up in the summer months. Some springs are also seen in the illy tract of the district. Geologically the area in comprised with Archean Granites and Gneisses. In the uplands considerable thickness of late-rite of Pleistocene age is found in the Granite and Gneisses tracts. Alluvium of recent to sub-recent age is found in the river valleys. The most important mineral of the district is bauxite. Other minerals which are found in the district are feldspar, fire clay and china clay and have less economic importance. The major part of the district is covered with Golden Alluvium, Red and Sandy and Red and Gravelly soils. Late-rite and Red and Yellow soils are also found elsewhere in the district. The district enjoys a healthy and pleasant climate throughout the year. The annual average temperature is 230 centigrade and the district receives an annual average rainfall of 1000-1200 mm. The rainfall increases from west to east.

There is scarcely of sufficient and dependable source of irrigation because of the district being hilly. The means of irrigation in the district are river, canal, ponds and wells. About 90% of the total population of the district is dependent on agriculture. The net sown area of the district is 7744.78 hectares out of which, only 7034.20 hectares of land is under irrigation. The main crop of the district is rice followed by millets (marua, gondli and maize), pulses, wheat, oil seeds (Sargujaand groundnuts) and vegetables.

There is a total absence of large scale industries in the district. People are engaged in small scale industries like making of stone chips, bricks, soaps, oil, candles, aluminums goods, wooden furniture, earthern pots, bamboo baskets, weaving of cloths and carpets etc. The district is not having good network of communication. No national highway passes through the district and Lohardaga town is located on the state highway between Ranchi and Rourkela. Lohardaga is also connected with Ranchi by a broad gauge railway line.

The district is lagging behind in education. Only 53.97 percent of the total population is literate. There are 2 colleges, one teacher’s training school, 19 high schools and 149 primary schools in the district. About 56 percent of the total population of the district is tribal population, Oraon is the major tribal inhabitant of the district, and the other primitive tribes are Asur, Birijia etc. still preserving their additional old culture in the district.

With the available resources and potentialities, for socio-economic growth, the district deserves proper attention for resources planning which could magnify the district in every field of development.

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